TELECOM CUSTOMER SERVICES

The telecom service providers have always followed a growth pattern in the past decade through increase in customer base as well as adding large numbers to their annual revenue. They have maintained rapidity with  e competitors and have played the game with astounding success in the past. But today, they are confronted with a colossal challenge of adaptation to the full-fledged highly penetrated markets united with global sionary effect. Therefore, to adapt to this current situation it is highly recommends to lay special emphasis on ustomer services to attain a higher retention ratio.In the modern day telecom industry which has attained high  spersion level, convincing a customer towards r service is getting costlier. Industrial study states that only 25% of the acquired customers stay with the mpany after a year's time and on an averagely only 20 -30% of the ntire customer base is revenue earning, rofitable customers. Therefore, the major challenge for the telecom  perators around the world is managing customer satisfaction. It affects profitability of the company if  customer shifts before the company can earn back the investment it incurred on acquiring the customer. Many companies offer special promotional offerings, special discounts, online services which provide a ariety of services to its customers as a process to satisfy and retain its customers. Usually companies provide the customer with a host of activities or benefits that can be used as per requirement by the customer like:

• Bill viewing and online payment

• Online register of a complaint for support

• Altering price plan and subscriptions

• Viewing the product catalogue and selling products or services online

In addition to these activities, the operators also offer promotional services and other related products on the net.To provide the customers with the required satisfaction level, the employee must incorporate all the  isting channels so that when a customer arrives at a retail outlet, the customer service representative should be able to retrieve the past interactions of the customer and serve him or her in the light of previous experience with the customers.

ORACLE’S NEW OFFICE APP SUITES TARGET MICROSOFT, GOOGLE

After Microsoft and Google, Oracle is now also in the race as supplier of data center hardware and software products. Oracle revealed this week its web based Oracle Cloud Office and Oracle Open Office 3.3 productivity applications to compete with Microsoft Office 365 and Google Docs.When Oracle bought Sun Micro Systems in January, it acquired the open office.org technology on which both these suites are based. Oracle claims that these applications will provide users with the facility of collaborating creation and editing of documents through a browser.Oracle intends to introduce this product as a low costing alternative in competition of other similar providers especially Microsoft Office.
The features of word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, database and drawing applications are all part of the combined suites named as the Oracle Office. These suites also present the possibility of sharing files with Microsoft Office.Both the applications are compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux computers, whereas they are also compatible with web browsers and SmartPhone applications such as Apple’s iphone and Windows Phone 7.Oracle Open Office is especially designed for users of enterprise and new connectors to Oracle Business Intelligence is offered through the release of 3.3. Oracle E-Business suites and other applications are also available including Microsoft Share Point.
The Oracle Cloud Office 1.0 is a Web and mobile Office application suite for collaboration and mobile document access. It can be used on-premise or as a service deployment. Oracle claims that the cost of this product is lower than five times the cost incurred on Microsoft’s licensing.
With the introduction of this new cloud enterprises can benefit by reducing costs and simultaneously increase efficiency levels and gain speed innovations. Customers can now support a variety of different devices, may it be through desktops, private or public cloud.Oracle also announced this week the release of MySQL 5.5, which is a new release OF open-source database. It offers improved performance, scalability and availability for supporting large scale web applications.

Windows 8 (Midori)

Well you might have heard about this latest innovation in operating system from Microsoft Corporation, which is named as window 8, it is a purely latest window which is mostly installed in upcoming laptops or heavy computer systems. Window 8 has been given two names apparently; one is windows Midori while the other name is windows Chidori. These two names are among the rumors associated with window 8 apart from several other rumors. The first codename was window Midori and window Chidori codename comes up later, it can be proved if you conduct web search you get thousands of results with window Midori keyword but the results for window Chidori keyword would be quiet lesser in number.
This latest innovation of operating system of Microsoft Corporation with the window name Midori and Chidori does not holds any literal meaning in fact if you conduct dictionary search for these words, it would give you zero results. Thus it shows that you do not have any meaning of the two words window Midori and window Chidori. Well it depends upon you that which name of operating system of Microsoft Corporation you prefer to use, as there are two codenames window Midori and window Chidori, it does not hold any meaning thus totally depends on you that what you like. Well talking about my opinion, I like Midori as it sounds bit sexy and perfidious (without any literal meaning). If I talk about Chidori it sounds bad, wild thus I do not like to pronounce it.
Now I tell you about the super features of this new technology efforts window first of all about the accuracy of the window is that it gives you the perfect out put of that thing which you gives input and after computation it gives you accurate answer in some old windows the accuracy is not so good that is why these Midori window was introduced and was much installed in lap tops because the personal computers are not capable for this window.
More over the plug and play system which was introduced by the previous old window XP that you do not need to install the drivers of any hardware in window XP there are some hardware which can not run before you install drivers from any Compact disk or from any online drivers’ engine. But in this new midori window the plug and play system is perfect as unlimited soft wares are stored in this window so you do not need to worry when ever you want to attach any new hard ware you have to feel free about the drivers.
Now last but not the least this window midori provides you the latest window media player through you can listen song in such amazing voice quality that you will really enjoy that music. More over the graphics introduced in this window you have never ever experience them any where else. That is hwy the VGA of the laptop should be 3d or more the 64mb so that you can easily install that put standing window midori in your computer or laptop.


    

4G Technology

The technology is working day and night for the sake of making new and new thing which make life easier as in this piece of article we are going through the information about the 4g technology. The technology of 4g is introduced by the apple company whose managing director name Steve job is working for the sake of luxurious internet uses items. The 4g technology was newly introduced in market and was much expensive but beside its expenses it has unlimited which you did not have faced and seen in your life that a simple pocket piece can provide you unlimited features first of all we will figure out the different features of the 4g technology.
The main thing about the 4g technology is that you can judge by the name that this 4g technology is basically use as the mobile phones which provides you to make calls and send messages to any where by using any connection. These 4g technology can provides you the perfect sound quality and the battery time, more over you can make unlimited call stand by on it as some of phones provide only one hour talk time the call was disconnected. How ever you ca install window your 4g technology and can use it as your personal computer the portability of that 4g technology is superb that you can keep that in your pocket.
The 4g technology provides you the perfect internet facility as main browsers are already installed in it and you do not have o work more for that. The main icon are built by the name of face book and YouTube as these are one of the most commercial and social websites which are used by the people in the daily routine. More over you can install the Skype or there messengers to chat with some one else. By using Skype you can make calls free of cost it just charge the internet connection. And the voice is similar as you are making call by the GSM connection.
The Wi-Fi is the system which was newly introduced by the companies. First of all the Wi-Fi system was found in laptop. Now I will tell you the use of Wi-Fi as there are some of the internet connection companies which provides you the wire less connection and the routers along with the kit of internet connection through that when ever you search for the signal of Wi-Fi you have the option to connect through this specific connection that is the way to use internet through Wi-Fi and free internet also provides you free calls through different chat messengers.
Now some of the discussion about the price of that 4g technology so you must be thinking that it is much expensive so you are now completely wrong because 4g technology as much expensive but as the 3g phones were introduce with high price and after some time there prices decreases same is the case with 4g technology after some time the price 4g technology also decrease so the people who did not afford it now can buy these 4g technology after it get low cost.

New High Temperature Transistor

Electronic spin transport (spin transport electronics), electronics, based on their backs (spin-based electronics), or simply a spin-electronics (spin-electronics). In our time exploring spintronics, magnetic and magneto-optical interaction in semiconductor structures, dynamics and coherence properties of spins in condensed matter and quantum magnetic phenomena in nanometer-scale structures Currently, active work on the creation of magnetic semiconductors, which would satisfy all the requirements of spintronics.First, the materials of which will be produced spintronic elements, should not change their properties under the influence of humidity, pressure and temperature. Secondly, they must be "powerful", for example, to allow application of ohmic contacts and to be integrated with modern silicon electronics.
Third, the central question of spintronics is the question of the spin coherence. If this time is too small, the disorientation of the spins leads to a loss of information carried by each spin. Fourth, the materials used must have high charge carrier mobility and be ferromagnetic at room temperature.

The semiconductor spintronics, in contrast to spintronics "organ metallic" largely satisfies the above requirements. Unique physical properties of magnetic semiconductors due to the presence in their band structure of the singular the third zone, which is formed by electronic d-and f-shells of the atoms of transition or rare earth elements. Currently, there is an intensive search for new ferromagnetic semiconductors with a high Curie temperature Nano wires are optically transparent semiconductors II, VI groups, such as CdS, CdSe, ZnS, have been well studied because of their unique optical properties. Doping with transition metals such as nanowires would manage their optical properties with the magnetic field.

To date, synthesize various metal-oxide nanowires are doped with transition metals such as Mn, Co, Ni. Nanowires of magnetic semiconductors p-and n-types on the basis of Zn1-xMxO (where M = Mn, Co, Ni) opens the possibility of creating a bipolar spin transistor. To create such a realistic device indicates ferromagnetic nanowires Zn1-xMxO, grown by CVD. It is due to indirect exchange interaction due to spin transfer mobile carriers - holes and electrons. Based on the nanowires TiO2, doped with cobalt, and on the basis nanokabelya type of core-shell ZnO/Zn1-xCoxO can be created by spin-FET (spin field-effect transistor - a spin field-effect transistor).

Magnetic conductors III, V groups are well studied, both theoretically and experimentally. The most famous are the diluted magnetic semiconductors based on gallium arsenide doped with Mn. Manganese was the most suitable magnetic impurity due to its high solubility, and diffusion capacity. To date, magnetic semiconductors with TC ~ 160 K, based on p-(Ga1-xMnx) As. In wide-gap materials p-(Ga, Mn) P, and p-and n-(Ga, Mn) N ferromagnetism observed at temperatures above room temperature. The magnetic and magneto transport properties of nanowires Ga1-xMnxP and Ga1-xMnxN, grown by CVD, showed that the nanowires are
magnetically hard ferromagnetic with Curie temperature TC = 330 K, in addition, the magneto resistance of the wire is negative. On the basis of MP III, V groups have already created a prototype
spin-FET and spin-LED (spin light-emitting diode - spin LED).

In the spin-FET source and drain are ferromagnetism, connected by a narrow semiconductor channel. The spins of electrons injected into the semiconductor, are set parallel to the magnetization source. Thus, from its source to the drain flowing spin-polarized current. If the drain and source are magnetized in one direction, that is between them an electric current. In the spin-LED spin-polarized carriers are injected from the contact, combined with composite materials such as nanowires Ga1-xMnxN. Spin-LED can be used to transmit information using the spin-codes. Emitting light of a certain polarization depending on the orientation of the spin, spin-LED allows you to encode the information carried by polarized light. Mentioned devices require the nanoscale wires to implement them.

Along with the nanowires on the basis of magnetic semiconductors creates a thin magnetic film, a practical interest in which is due to the fact that the method of lithographs of them can be prepared ordered ensembles of nanostructures that are used to store information. To date, the technique of production and certification of nanocomposites containing ordered arrays of ferromagnetic semiconductor nanowires in anodized aluminum oxide membranes. This technique allows obtaining the inverse images of microchips based on oriented nanowires with an easily adjustable and reliably reproducible geometrical parameters of the elementary memory cells.

GSM Transponder

The Transcoder  is required to convert the speech or data output from the MSC (64 kbit/s PCM), into the form specified by GSM specifications for transmission over the air interface, that is, between the BSS and MS (64 kbit/s to 16 kbit/s and vice versa) The 64 kbit/s Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) circuits from the MSC, if transmitted on the air interface without modification, would occupy an excessive amount of radio bandwidth.

This would use the available radio spectrum inefficiently. The required bandwidth is therefore reduced by processing the 64 kbit/s circuits so that the amount of information required to transmit digitized voice falls to a gross rate of 16 kbit/s. 

The transcoding function may be located at the MSC, BSC, or BTS. The content of the 16 kbit/s data depends on the coding algorithm used. There are two speech coding algorithms available and selecting which one to use depends on the capabilities of the mobile equipment and the network configuration. The Full Rate speech algorithm is supported by all mobiles and networks. It produces 13 kbit/s of coded speech data plus 3 kbit/s of control data which is commonly referred to as TRAU data (Transcoder Rate Adaption Unit). The TRAU data on the downlink will be used by the BTS and therefore removed from the 13 k of speech data before transmission on the air interface. the 13 kbit/s of speech data is processed at the BTS to form a gross rate of 22.8 kbit/s on the air interface which includes forward error correction. In the uplink direction the BTS adds in TRAU data which will be used by the transcoder.

 Enhanced Full Rate is an improved speech coding algorithm and is only supported by

Phase 2+ mobiles and is optional in the Network. It produces 12.2 kbit/s from each 64

kbit/s PCM channel. The TRAU data in this case is made up to 3.8 kbit/s to keep the

channel rate to and from the BTS at 16 kbit/s as for Full Rate. As with Full Rate the

TRAU data is used at the BTS and Transcoder.

 For data transmissions the data is not transcoded but data rate adapted from 9.6 kbit/s

(4.8 kbit/s or 2.4 kbit/s may also be used) up to a gross rate of 16 kbit/s for transmission

over the terrestrial interfaces, again this 16 kbit/s contains a 3 kbit/s TRAU.

As can be seen from the diagram opposite, although the reason for transcoding was to

reduce the data rate over the air interface, the number of terrestrial links is also reduced

approximately on a 4:1 ratio.

GSM Cell

The number of cells in any geographic area is determined by the number of MS

subscribers who will be operating in that area, and the geographic layout of the area

(hills, lakes, buildings etc).

The maximum cell size for GSM is approximately 70 km in diameter, but this is

dependent on the terrain the cell is covering and the power class of the MS. In GSM, the

MS can be transmitting anything up to 8 Watts; obviously, the higher the power output of

the MS the larger the cell size. If the cell site is on top of a hill, with no obstructions for

miles, then the radio waves will travel much further than if the cell site was in the middle

of a city, with many high-rise buildings blocking the path of the radio waves.

Generally large cells are employed in:

_ Remote areas.

_ Coastal regions.

_ Areas with few subscribers.

_ Large areas which need to be covered with the minimum number of cell sites.

Small cells are used where there is a requirement to support a large number of MSs, in a

small geographic region, or where a low transmission power may be required to reduce

the effects of interference. Small cells currently cover 200 m and upwards.

Typical uses of small cells:

_ Urban areas.

_ Low transmission power required.

_ High number of MSs.

There is no right answer when choosing the type of cell to use. Network providers would

like to use large cells to reduce installation and maintenance cost, but realize that to

provide a quality service to their customers, they have to consider many factors, such as

terrain, transmission power required, number of MSs etc. This inevitably leads to a

mixture of both large and small cells.

 

 

Frequency Re-use

Standard GSM has a total of 124 frequencies available for use in a network. Most

network providers are unlikely to be able to use all of these frequencies and are generally

allocated a small subset of the 124.

We will take an example here suppose a network provider has been allocated 48 frequencies to provide coverage over a large area, let us take for example Great Britain.As we have already seen, the maximum cell size is approximately 70 km in diameter,thus our 48 frequencies would not be able to cover the whole of Britain.

To overcome this limitation the network provider must re-use the same frequencies over and over again, in what is termed a “frequency re-use pattern”. When planning the frequency re-use pattern the network planner must take into account how often to use the same frequencies and determine how close together the cells are, otherwise co-channel and/or adjacent channel interference may occur. The network provider will also take into account the nature of the area to be covered. This may range from a densely populated city (high frequency re-use, small cells, high capacity) to a sparsely populated rural expanse (large omni cells, low re-use, low capacity).

Principles of Cellular Telecommunications

A cellular telephone system links mobile station (MS) subscribers into the public

Telephone system or to another cellular system’s MS subscriber.

Information sent between the MS subscriber and the cellular network uses radio

Communication. This removes the necessity for the fixed wiring used in a traditional

telephone installation. Due to this, the MS subscriber is able to move around and become fully mobile, perhaps traveling  in a vehicle or on foot.

Cellular networks have many advantages over the existing “land” telephone networks.There are advantages for the network provider as well as the mobile subscriber.

Network Components :

GSM networks are made up of Mobile services Switching Centres (MSC), Base Station Systems (BSS)and Mobile Stations (MS). These three entities can be broken down further into smaller entities; such as, within the BSS we have Base Station Controllers, Base Transceiver Stations and Transcoders. These smaller network elements, as they are referred to, will be discussed later in the course. For now we will use the three major

entities. With the MSC, BSS and MS we can make calls, receive calls, perform billing etc, as any normal PSTN network would be able to do. The only problem for the MS is that all the calls made or received are from other MSs. Therefore, it is also necessary to connect the GSM network to the PSTN. Mobile Stations within the cellular network are located in “cells”, these cells are provided by the BSSs. Each BSS can provide one or more cells, dependent on the manufacturers equipment.The cells are normally drawn as hexagonal, but in practice they are irregularly shaped, this is as a result of the influence of the surrounding terrain, or of design by the network

planners.

Frequency Spectrum :

The frequency spectrum is very congested, with only narrow slots of bandwidth allocated for cellular communications. The list opposite shows the number of frequencies and spectrum allocated for GSM, Extended GSM 900 (EGSM), GSM 1800 (DCS1800) and PCS1900. A single Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (ARFCN) or RF carrier is actually a pair of frequencies, one used in each direction (transmit and receive). This allows information to be passed in both directions. For GSM900 and EGSM900 the paired frequencies are separated by 45 MHz, for DCS1800 the separation is 95 MHz and for PCS1900 separation is 80 MHz. For each cell in a GSM network at least one ARFCN must be allocated, and more may be allocated to provide greater capacity. The RF carrier in GSM can support up to eight Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) timeslots. That is, in theory, each RF carrier is capable of supporting up to eight simultaneous telephone calls, but as we will see later in this course although this is possible, network signalling and messaging may reduce the overall number  from eight timeslots per RF carrier to six or seven timeslots per RF carrier, therefore reducing the number of mobiles that can be supported. Unlike a PSTN network, where every telephone is linked to the land network by a air of fixed wires, each MS only connects to the network over the radio interface when required. Therefore, it is possible for a single RF carrier to support many more mobile stations than its eight TDMA timeslots would lead us to believe. Using statistics, it has been found that a typical RF carrier can support up to 15, 20 or even 25 MSs. Obviously, not all of these MS subscribers could make a call at the same time, but it is also unlikely that all the MS subscribers would want to make a call at the same time. Therefore, without knowing it, MSs share the same physical resources, but at different times.

Composition of low-voltage systems

Structured cabling systems greatly simplify and optimize the management of various cable systems, since the installation of SCS allows you to combine them into a single information space. SCS include information, telephone, security and fire protection and so on. network, various switchgears, cables, control panels, necessary equipment, etc.
Design by SCS at the stage of construction. This requirement will create a literate project distribution of communications and connectivity for all cable systems to a single hardware node - the control center structured cabling system.
Local-area networks provide the following: resource sharing networks (modems, printers, files, and so on.) Reserve funds and storage of different information, the ability to quickly access the necessary information in the network information is protected from hacking, to work with modern means of enhancing the effectiveness of working process (electronic document management system, receiving and sending faxes, online databases, uninterrupted Internet access).

Automatic telephone stations are used to create a rapid and reliable telephone communications between departments and offices of the company. On the design and installation of ATS should also be approached intelligently. You must select a telephone station, to carry out programming and configuration of equipment and trained personnel to use the telephone station.

The system-clockwise and radio include: basic elements - the master clock and the secondary clock (interior, street, etc.); tuner - radio receiver, the receiver wire broadcasting, switching (jumper) equipment, aerial devices, line equipment.
This system provides indexing lap, Moscow and Greenwich Time; indication of the number, day of week, month and year, the alarm went off at the scheduled time, input signals a single time in a synchronized hardware. System indexes the level of background radiation.
World total time is measured ultra-precise atomic clocks that transmit signals to a satellite global positioning system (GPS), where the radio signal is received which were in connection with the master clock. Master clock, in turn, combined with the secondary clock (digital, switch, etc.), making the whole system shows the exact time.
Thus, low-voltage systems are designed to satisfy the most diverse aspects of modern life. Thanks slabotochke, our lives become more convenient, comfortable and safe. Home and office we are doing chores, relax and socialize, do not hesitate to organize the points needed to optimize the residential and commercial spheres of human activity. Modern equipment running smoothly, thanks to low-voltage systems, controls the situation in the home or office. And all that is required of us - is to learn to use new, accessible to every opportunity for his own benefit.

Designing low-power networks

The problem of designing "slabotochki" should be approached with understanding of its special importance, because the low-voltage systems will operate without problems only if well-designed project of installation. Ask for help is a professional design engineers. The project should be conceived not only in terms of literacy to accommodate objects of different sites (low-current flap, sockets, switches and so on.) Wire harnesses on the risers, but in accordance with established norms and standards, which are governed by SNIP 083-98.

Total regulatory documentation to be followed is as follows: GOST 21.101-97 "Basic requirements for design and documentation; RD 78.36.002-99" Technical means of security objects. Graphical symbols of system elements; SEP 7, "Electrical Code"; RD 78.145-93 "systems and systems security, fire and burglar alarms. Rules of production and acceptance of work; SNIP 3.05.06-85 "Building Regulations. Electrical devices; NPB 105-03 "Determination of categories of rooms, buildings and outdoor facilities for the explosion and fire hazard."

Of course, do not forget about the designer design room, where all the attributes of low-voltage systems must seamlessly fit.

To compile the project engineer to the Terms of Reference, which reflected the following aspects: the technical conditions for connection, the plan of the building design project facilities, the plan adjacent protected areas. Also need to pre-departure of the expert on the subject.